volatility - le mot anglais de l'année choisi par le blog "The Web of Language"

Le professeur Dennis Baron de l'Université de Illinois, dont le blog s'appelle "The Web of Language", a choisi comme "mot de 2011" le mot anglais volatility* (en francais "volatilité" ou "instabilité").

 

Le professeur Dennis Baron

Nous républions son article sur ce theme, avec sa permission.

Voici l'explication de sa choix:

The year that was: When you're not busy tracking your 401k or watching a Tokyo Geiger counter, there's nothing like a rousing game of Chutes and Ladders to remind you of the volatility of the year gone by.

The Web of Language Word of the Year for 2011 is "volatility." Volatility may not be trendy like "occupy" or "Arab Spring," but it's the one word that characterizes the bipolar mood of 2011 in everything from politics to economics.

Volatility describes the Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street; the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; scandals in college sports and investment banking; the Republican presidential scramble and the Greek debt crisis; regime change in Libya and in Italy; the Iranian nuclear build-up and the Fukushima nuclear melt-down.

Throughout the year, the Dow Jones Index has been the poster-child for volatility, jumping up and down by hundreds of points like a high-stakes game of Chutes and Ladders. Indeed, given the daily shake ups not just of the year that was, but of the ten years since 9/11, volatility could well be the word of the decade, and with no end to volatility in sight, it could be the word for the entire twenty-first century.

Other words pop up when we think of 2011. Occupy, which for centuries has meant ‘to live in, conquer’ and even, briefly, ‘to have sex with,’ jumped into our consciousness in the Fall as protests in New York’s Zuccotti Park against economic inequality spread to other cities and to college campuses, along with its related vocabulary, the 1%, the 99%, and pepper spray. Occupy didn’t develop the meaning ‘to take over as a form of protest’ until 1920, but since the start of the 2011 protests, occupy has been appearing regularly with just about any object, including occupy your couch, occupy everything and occupy this. 

 

Above: in 2011, occupy became a verb that could take almost any object, including occupy everything—though the website occupyeverything.org went live in 2009, and this particular photo was taken in 2010. Below, this copyrighted “occupy this” t-shirt is available online from occupy-this.com. Is it ironic or paradoxical that the slogan is copyrighted by a company whose sole purpose seems to be to profit from anticapitalist protests?

 

The Oxford Dictionaries picked squeezed middle—an obscure term for those affected by the downturn that is favored by British Labour Party leader Ed Miliband—as the “global word of the year” for 2011, though as David Haglund wrote in Slate, it’s not global. Haglund also objected that squeezed middle was neither “a word” nor “of the year.” But language doesn’t behave literally, so the Word of the Year, or WOTY, can be a phrase or even part of a word (a prefix or suffix, for example) as well as a single word. And the WOTY doesn’t have to be coined in the year it wins, it simply has to capture that year in some way. But Haglund is right that in order for squeezed middle to be global, people living outside of England should at least have heard the phrase, even if no one but Ed Miliband knows what it’s supposed to mean. Perhaps 99% would have been a better choice for Oxford's lexicographers, especially because it seems to refer to the same people as squeezed middle.

Other languages have their words of the year as well. A French group called Festival XYZ named attachiant(e), ‘a person you can’t live with, but can’t live without,’ as its word of the year—last year the group pick phonard, ‘someone with their ear glued to their mobile phone.’  The 2011 Swiss word of the year is Euro-Rabatt, referring to the buying power of the Swiss franc in the wake of a declining Euro.

It looks like Steve Jobs won the honors for Name of the Year, easily beating out Osama Bin Laden. Surely Apple Inc. would like “i” to be chosen Prefix of the Year, though a report titled i984 that was left by mistake in a Cupertino bar, the company would also like to trademark the first person pronoun to prevent anyone else on earth—or as the company calls it, iWorld—from using the word in a non-Apple context. Unfortunately, according to the International Association of Lexicographers, or iLex, a word that is the property of a major global corporation cannot be eligible for WOTY honors. 

 

Jobs easily beat out Osama Bin Laden for the 2011 Name of the Year. Below: Before it becomes Prefix of the Year, Apple would like to trademark the letter “i,” according to the recently leaked company white paper, i984. On a more positive note, Apple finally dropped its claim that calling multimillionaires the “1%” infringed on a statistics app called the i% that it is developing.

 

Word of the year nominees often come from major news stories or developments in popular culture. 2011 candidates included bailout, fracking, retweet, meltdown, and bunga-bunga (that’s Italian slang for an obsolete meaning of occupy). It’s noteworthy that Italian premier Silvio Berlusconi had to resign not because he was charged with consorting with underage prostitutes at bunga-bunga parties, but because of his country’s mismanaged finances—so much for being a member of the 1%.

Even though many former WOTY winners resonate with the times (truthiness, blog, roadside bomb, and 9/11), some of them never gain traction (bush lips, plutoed, hypermiling, and locavore). That’s why it’s important to pick a Word of the Year that people both recognize and understand. Dictionary.com’s choice of tergiversate as its WOTY fails in that regard. Tergiversate is supposed to reflect the ups and downs of the year, but the unfamiliar word, which is rare enough to be part of the English lexicon’s equivalent of the 1%, really means ‘desert, retreat, or change one’s mind,’ not ‘be at the whim of fickle fortune.’

Volatility, ‘readiness to evaporate or disappear,’ seems a more apt description of the here-today-gone-tomorrow year gone by. We already know what volatility means, making it a word of the 99%, plus it’s a fitting sequel to last year’s Word of the Year, WTF, and it serves as a dramatic reminder to the 1% that a simple spin of the dial could evaporate enough of their fortunes so they wind up crushed by Fortune's Wheel.

 

As the world turns: In Boethius’s revolutionary memoir, “Occupy the Middle Ages,” Lady Philosophy tells Boethius, who went from being in the 1% to being thrown in jail, that life is like a game of Chutes and Ladders: one minute, you’re on top, the next, not so much. Perhaps volatility, the 2011 word of the year, will remind today’s 1% that a simple spin of the Wheel of Fortune (rota fortunae) could suddenly drop them deep into 99% territory.

 Note du blog : Une explication des termes employés dans cet article :

 

401 K	Le système d’épargne retraite des Etats-Unis. Il tire son nom de la section 401(k) de l'Internal Revenue Code (« code fiscal national »), texte principal du droit fiscal américain.
Geiger counter	Compteur Geiger, pour mesurer un grand nombre de rayonnements ionisants. Cet instrument de mesure fut imagine vers 1913 par Hans Geiger.
Chutes and Ladders	Serpents et échelles (un jeu connu aussi comme « Snakes & Ladders »)
Tea Party & Occupy Wall Street   Poster-child	Des mouvements sociopolitiques de droit et de gauche aux Etats-Unis. Voir l’article publié sur ce blog, « Chroniques du tsunami financier »,  le 28 octobre 2011   figure emblématique
Nuclear meltdown	Voir l’article publié sur ce blog, le 27 mars 2011
Festival XYZ	Ce festival, créé par Eric Donfu en 2002, célèbre chaque année, la troisième semaine de novembre, un mot et un son nouveau. Par son "mot nouveau de l'année" ce festival d'hiver apporte sa contribution en musique et en textes à une langue vivante et sonnante... Le Français. En y associant un son nouveau, elle va plus loin encore dans le déchiffrement du mot Mot (mo), n.m. (lat. vulg. mottum, mot et grognement, du v. muttire, grogner, murmurer). Son articulé, composé d’une ou plusieurs syllabes réunies. Ce festival se tient à Paris et au Havre, mais aussi là ou vous êtes. Voir l’article publie par le journal anglais « The Guardian », le 27 novembre 2011, intitulé « Académie Française challenged to update language with fresh bons mots » http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/nov/27/academie-francaise-challenged-new-words
(to) tergiversate	Tergiverser, être équivoque, varier d’opinion, changer d’idée
Cupertino	Le siège social de la société APPLE

 

 

*Note etymologique:

Dans les années 1590, « beau et léger », et aussi « s'évaporant vite » (vers 1600), du moyen français volatile, lui-même dérivé du latin volatilis « flottant, éphémère, volant », issu du participe passé du verbe volare, « voler », d'origine inconnue. Le sens de « volontiers changeant, inconstant » est relevé pour la première fois dans les années 1640. En moyen anglais, volatiles désignait « les oiseaux, les papillons et d'autres créatures ailées » (vers 1300).

Comments

[Jean LeClercq]

À propos du mot français volatile, peut-être convient-il de rappeler que le général de Gaulle désignait ainsi le Canard enchaîné, cet hebdomadaire satirique dont il était un fidèle lecteur. Son secrétariat avait la consigne d'en placer un exemplaire sur son bureau, le mercredi matin. Si, par hasard, il ne l'y trouvait pas, il s'écriait: « Où est donc passé le volatile? ». Bien qu'il ne l'épargnât guère, de Gaulle considérait le « volatile » comme faisant partie du paysage républicain.

[garage equipment]

In the 21st century, the wealth of information available through the internet democratizes learning in unprecedented ways. But an age-old problem still keeps people around the globe from acquiring knowledge: Access to information is restricted by the languages you speak.